Efectos terapéuticos de la crioterapia con nitrógeno líquido en lesiones por fotodaño, en la consulta dermatológica / Therapeutic effects of cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen in lesions by photo damage in dermatologic consultation

RESUMEN La crioterapia es el conjunto de procedimientos que utilizan el frío en la terapéutica médica. Emplea diversos sistemas y tiene como resultado la disminución de la temperatura de la piel; produce una destrucción local de tejido de forma eficaz y controlada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una actualización para exponer los aspectos esenciales sobre formas de empleos, indicaciones, complicaciones y contraindicaciones. Existen varios métodos de aplicación de la crioterapia, que incluyen las técnicas de congelación de spray o aerosol y con aplicadores, el método criosonda, y el uso de termoacoplador. Está indicada en varias entidades, entre las que se encuentran la queratosis seborreica y actínica, lentigos solares, carcinoma basocelular y espinocelular in situ. Las complicaciones más observadas son vesicoampollas, hiperpigmentación e hipopigmentación, y las contraindicaciones comunes son intolerancia al frío, tumores con bordes no delimitados o con pigmentación muy oscura, en localizaciones cerca de los márgenes de los ojos, párpados, mucosas, alas nasales y el conducto auditivo. El dominio de los métodos de aplicación e indicaciones es indispensable para elegir la conducta adecuada; de esta forma se evitan complicaciones y efectos colaterales (AU).

ABSTRACT Cryotherapy is the whole of procedures that use cold in medical therapy. It uses various systems and results in a decrease in skin temperature, leading to a local destruction of tissue in an effective and controlled way. The objective of this work is to make an update to expose the essential aspects on the ways of use, indications, complications and contraindications. There are several cryotherapy application methods that include spray or spray freezing techniques and applicators, the cryoprobe method, and the thermocoupler use. It is indicated in several entities, and among the most frequent are seborrheic and actinic keratosis, solar lentigo, basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in situ. The most observed complications are vesical blisters, hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, and the most common complications are: cold intolerance, tumors with non-delimited borders or very dark pigmentation, located near the margins of the eyes, on eyelids, mucous membranes, nasal wings, and on the ear canal. The mastery of the signs and application methods are essential to choose the appropriate behavior against the disease: side effects and complications are avoided that way (AU).

Brain parenchymal changes during normal aging in domestic cats / Alterações do parênquima cerebral durante a senilidade em gatos domésticos

This study aimed to identify changes related to brain parenchyma as advancing age in healthy domestic cats. Our hypothesis is that cats suffer cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and show focal changes in signal intensity of the brain parenchyma in accordance with the progression of age. Twelve adult (1 to 6 years), eleven mature (7 to11 years) and ten geriatric non-brachycephalic cats (12 years or more of age) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were no changes in signal intensity and contrast uptake in brain parenchyma of the cats. Geriatric animals showed significantly lower average thickness of the interthalamic adhesion and percentage of the cerebral parenchyma volume in relation to intracranial volume than those found in the adult group. No significant differences were found between groups for cerebral volume, cerebellar volume and percentage of cerebellar volume in relation to intracranial volume. The results of this study indicate that atrophy of the cerebral parenchyma, including the interthalamic adhesion, occurs with age in domestic cats, confirming the hypothesis of the study. However, the results did not corroborate the hypothesis that cats show cerebellar atrophy and focal changes in signal intensity of the brain parenchyma with advancing age.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou a identificação de alterações no parênquima cerebral relacionadas ao avanço da idade em gatos domésticos saudáveis. Nossa hipótese é de que os gatos sofrem atrofia cerebral e cerebelar, além de alterações focais na intensidade do sinal do parênquima cerebral, de acordo com a progressão da idade. Doze gatos não braquicéfalos adultos (1 a 6 anos), onze maduros (7 a 11 anos) e dez geriátricos (12 anos ou mais) foram submetidos à ressonância magnética encefálica. Não foram observadas alterações na intensidade do sinal e na captação de contraste do parênquima encefálico nos gatos. Os animais geriátricos apresentaram médias da espessura da adesão intertalâmica e porcentagem do volume do parênquima cerebral, em relação ao volume intracraniano, significativamente menores a aquelas encontradas no grupo dos adultos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para volume cerebral, volume cerebelar e porcentagem de volume cerebelar em relação ao volume intracraniano. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a atrofia do parênquima cerebral, incluindo a adesão intertalâmica, ocorre com o avanço da idade em gatos domésticos, confirmando a hipótese do estudo. No entanto, os resultados não corroboraram a hipótese de que os gatos apresentam atrofia cerebelar e alterações focais na intensidade do sinal do parênquima encefálico com a progressão da idade.(AU)

Werner syndrome: a case report and review of literature

Werner's syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by short stature, sclerosed skin, cataract and premature aging of the face. The disease involves multiple systems of the body and some of the abnormalities may cause life threatening complications such as myocardial infarction and malignancy. We report a case of this rare disorder

Gerodermia Osteodysplastica.

Gerodermia Osteodysplastica is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder included in the cutis laxa syndromes. Twenty five cases have been reported in the world literature to date. The authors report the first case from our country, a 13 year old female having phenotypic and radiological features suggestive of this genetic disorder.